Conflicts

• Guelphs vs Ghibellines
• Pope vs Emperor
• White Guelphs vs Black Guelphs

Guelphs vs Ghibellines

• 1248: Ghibellines drive out Guelphs in Florence
• 1250: Guelphs drive out Ghibellines
• 1260: Battle of Montaperti: Ghibellines (w/ Manfred) defeat Guelphs
• 1266: Battle of Benevento: Manfred killed – Guelphs triumph

Florence

• May 1300: Whites in charge; riots b/w Blacks and Whites; both sides punished
• Spring 1301: banished Whites returned; Blacks forced to remain outside Florence
• October 1301: joint embassy to Rome (+ Dante)
• 1302: Blacks supported by Charles of Valois (sent by pope Boniface VIII); Whites exiled (Dante included)